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presumption

noun

/prɪˈzʌmp ʃən/

IPA:

Dictionary definition of presumption

The act or state of assuming something to be true or valid without sufficient evidence or proof.
"She challenged his presumption, demanding concrete proof to support his claims."

Detailed meaning of presumption

It involves making an inference or forming a belief based on incomplete information or preconceived notions. Presumption often arises from personal biases, prior experiences, or common assumptions. It can manifest as an underlying attitude or mindset that influences one's thoughts, judgments, and actions. While presumption can sometimes be a helpful cognitive shortcut, it can also lead to hasty or erroneous conclusions. In legal contexts, presumption refers to a belief or assumption made by a court or jury in the absence of clear evidence. It serves as a starting point or default position until evidence is presented to the contrary. Presumption is an integral part of human reasoning and decision-making, but it is essential to be aware of its potential limitations and to seek corroborating evidence before drawing firm conclusions.

Example sentences containing presumption

1. The detective made a presumption about the suspect's guilt based on circumstantial evidence.
2. The lawyer argued against the presumption of the defendant's guilt, citing lack of substantial evidence.
3. His presumption of her intentions caused unnecessary misunderstandings in their relationship.
4. The judge cautioned the jury to avoid making any presumptions before all evidence was presented.
5. Her presumption of his incompetence proved to be unfounded when he delivered an exceptional performance.
6. The journalist's article was filled with presumptions, lacking solid factual basis.

History and etymology of presumption

The noun 'presumption' has its etymological roots in the Latin word 'praesumptio,' which is derived from 'praesumere,' meaning 'to take before' or 'to assume.' In Latin, 'praesumptio' referred to the act of assuming something to be true or valid without sufficient evidence or proof. As this concept transitioned into Old French as 'presumpcion' and later into Middle English as 'presumption,' it retained its core meaning of making assumptions or taking things for granted without substantial proof. The etymology of 'presumption' underscores its association with the act of assuming, highlighting the potential for error or misjudgment when accepting something as true or valid without adequate verification.

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Further usage examples of presumption

1. The presumption of innocence is a fundamental principle in the legal system.
2. His presumption that everyone shared his political views led to heated arguments.
3. She acted with presumption, assuming she knew best without considering other perspectives.
4. The teacher challenged the students' presumptions by encouraging critical thinking and open discussion.
5. The investigation revealed the falsity of the initial presumption, leading to a different suspect.
6. Making a presumption without evidence can lead to misunderstandings.
7. His presumption of guilt was based on a misunderstanding.
8. The presumption of innocence is a fundamental legal principle.
9. She operated on the presumption that the meeting was canceled.
10. The presumption of competence can boost self-confidence.
11. Presumption can sometimes hinder effective communication.
12. Prejudice often arises from unwarranted presumptions.
13. His silence was taken as a presumption of guilt.
14. The presumption of success motivated him to work harder.
15. We should avoid making presumptions about others.
16. Presumptions should be backed by facts and evidence.
17. Misplaced presumptions can lead to biased judgments.
18. The presumption of honesty is essential in business dealings.
19. Her presumption of his intentions was completely off.
20. Overcoming false presumptions can be challenging.
21. The presumption of a fair trial is a legal right.
22. Cultural differences can lead to misunderstandings and presumptions.
23. A presumption of knowledge can be a barrier to learning.
24. Clarifying expectations can help reduce unwarranted presumptions.
25. In science, evidence trumps presumption.