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genome

noun

/ˈdʒiːnəʊm/

IPA:

Dictionary definition of genome

The complete set of genetic information that defines the characteristics of an organism.
"The study of the genome has led to new treatments for genetic disorders."

Detailed meaning of genome

It is made up of DNA, which is a long, double-stranded molecule that contains the instructions for the development, function, growth, and reproduction of all living things. The genome is organized into smaller units called chromosomes, which are found in the nucleus of a cell.

The human genome, for example, is made up of approximately 3 billion base pairs of DNA and is found in almost every cell in the body. The genome is responsible for determining an individual's physical and biological characteristics, such as eye color, blood type, and susceptibility to certain diseases.

Genomic research has made significant advances in recent years, allowing scientists to analyze and understand the genetic information of various organisms. This knowledge is used in many fields such as medicine, agriculture and forensic science. The Human Genome Project was a large international effort that aimed to sequence the entire human genome and make it available for scientific research.

In summary, a genome is the complete set of genetic information that defines the characteristics of an organism, it is made up of DNA, and is organized into smaller units called chromosomes. It is responsible for determining an individual's physical and biological characteristics, and genomic research has made significant advances in recent years allowing scientists to analyze and understand the genetic information of various organisms.

Example sentences containing genome

1. The human genome contains all the genetic information necessary for life.
2. Scientists are mapping the genome of various plant species to understand their unique traits.
3. The discovery of the CRISPR-Cas9 system revolutionized genome editing.
4. Geneticists study the genome to identify genes associated with certain diseases.
5. The genome of viruses is much smaller compared to that of humans.
6. Advances in technology have made it easier to sequence and analyze the genome.

History and etymology of genome

The noun 'genome' has its etymological origins in the 20th century, specifically from a blend of two words: 'gene' and 'chromosome.' 'Gene' refers to the individual units of genetic information, and 'chromosome' is the cellular structure that contains genes. The term 'genome' was coined to describe the complete set of an organism's genetic information, encompassing all of its genes and chromosomes. It represents the sum total of an organism's genetic material and serves as a blueprint for its development, growth, and characteristics. The concept of the genome has been fundamental in the fields of genetics and genomics, allowing scientists to study and understand the genetic makeup of various organisms, from humans to plants and animals. The etymology of 'genome' highlights its role as a comprehensive and integrated collection of genetic instructions that define the traits and attributes of an organism.

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Further usage examples of genome

1. The genome provides insights into the evolutionary history of organisms.
2. Researchers are working to decode the genome of extinct species using ancient DNA.
3. Genome-wide association studies help identify genetic variants linked to specific traits.
4. The field of personalized medicine relies on analyzing an individual's genome for tailored treatments.
5. Genetic mutations can alter the functioning of genes within the genome.
6. Comparative genomics allows scientists to compare the genomes of different species.
7. Understanding the genome of agricultural crops can lead to improved yields and resistance to pests.
8. The Human Genome Project was a landmark scientific endeavor to sequence the entire human genome.
9. The genome is composed of DNA, which carries the instructions for building and maintaining an organism.
10. Epigenetics studies the modifications to the genome that influence gene expression.
11. The genome of a single-celled organism may contain just a few thousand genes.
12. Scientists are exploring the potential of gene therapy to correct genetic disorders at the genome level.
13. Researchers are studying the impact of environmental factors on the genome.
14. The study of ancient genomes has provided insights into human migration and population history.